Process Instrumentation: Measurement & Sensors
Process Instrumentation: Measurement & Sensors
OBJECTIVES
On successful completion of this workshop delegates will be able to:
- understand the fundamentals of process control
- appreciate the major technologies used in the measurement of flow, temperature, pressure, and level
- review the construction and operation of the most important process instruments
- evaluate and select the appropriate instrumentation system
- install process equipment correctly
- optimise control with effective selection and installation of your process equipment
- calibrate and troubleshoot instrumentation systems
- isolate and rectify instrumentation faults
- review the construction and operation of the most important analytical instruments
- troubleshoot problems in the measurement of pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and chlorine, etc.
- implement procedures for testing and calibration of analytical instruments
COURSE OUTLINE
Overview
- Purpose of instrumentation
- Location of control functions
- Variables measured and controlled
- Final control elements
- Instrument operating medium
Basic measurement concepts
- Measured and controlled variables
- Performance terms and specifications
- Measurement terminology
- P&ID symbols
Flow measurement
- Basic fluid properties
- Reynolds number
- Flow measurement
- Positive Displacement Meters
- Inferential meters
- Oscillatory Flow Meters
- Differential Pressure Meters
- Electromagnetic Flowmeters
- Ultrasonic Flowmeters
- Coriolis meters
- Thermal mass meters
- Open Channel Flow
Temperature measurement
- Basic principles
- Scales
- Expansion systems
- Thermocouples
- Resistance thermometry
- Thermistors
- Radiation thermometry
- Installation considerations
Pressure measurement
- Basic principles
- Manometers
- Dead weight testers
- Bourdon tubes
- Bellow elements
- Diaphragm elements
- Electrical displacement sensors
Level measurement
- Basic principles
- Visual gauging systems
- Float systems
- Displacement systems
- Conductive level detection
- Capacitive level measurement
- Hydrostatic head measurement
- Ultrasonic level measurement
- Radar gauging
- Nuclear level measurement
- Point level measurement
- Load cells
Electrochemical cells
- Electrode potentials
- Simple voltaic cell
- Daniell cell
- Electrolytic bridges
- Electrochemical series
On-line analytical measurement
- Measurement of pH
- Measurement of Redox
- Conductivity measurement
- Dissolved oxygen measurement
- Chlorine measurement