Technology and the LNG Chain
Technology and the LNG Chain
OBJECTIVES
- What is LNG and why LNG is produced
- LNG industry current status review
- LNG facilities world-wide
- A survey of commercial and contractual issues
- About project costs, feasibility and development
- Some fundamentals of gas processing technology
- Technologies used in the production of LNG
- To apply knowledge of LNG gas pretreatment, drying and refrigeration
- To describe liquefaction technologies and appreciate the differences
- The types of compressor drivers, gas turbines and electric motors
- About LNG storage, shipping and terminals
- Regasification of LNG and distribution to consumers
- New developments in off-shore LNG for regasification and liquefaction
COURSE OUTLINE
- Introduction: What is LNG and where it comes from
- Technical Fundamentals #1: Molecular weight, heating value and Wobbe Index
- Technical Fundamentals #2: Vapor pressure, multi-component mixtures, thermodynamics
- Gas Pre-treatment: Removal of acid gas, water, mercury and NGLs
- Heat Exchangers: Description of heat exchangers specifically used for LNG production including Plate Fin and Coil Wound exchangers
- Refrigeration: Single and multi-component refrigeration cycles
- Rotating machinery: Compressors and drivers used for LNG, pumps and turbo expanders
- Liquefaction: Description of typical liquefaction technologies for base-load and small scale production, issues relating to technology selection and operation.
- LNG Storage: Description of LNG storage tanks, sizing basis, small scale tanks
- LNG Shipping: Types of LNG carriers, marine management issues and LNG transfer
- Siting Issues: Site selection and HSSE considerations
- LNG Importing: Basis for sizing, technology selection, energy integration
- Commercial Issues: The LNG chain and impact of contractual issues on LNG plant design and operation; LNG pricing
- Project Issues: What influences LNG facility costs, benchmark costs, construction issues
- New Developments: Development of off-shore LNG operations to regasification and liquefaction, coal seam gas project issues